Public water system record

Copan PWA

Serves Copan, Washington County, OK · 733 people served

Federal records show 41 health-based violations and 45 monitoring/reporting issues for Copan PWA in the last ten years, including an unresolved LEAD AND COPPER RULE REVISIONS violation.

  • OK1021417
  • COPAN
  • OK
  • 733 served

System profile

Source water Surface water
ZIP 74022
EPA system ID OK1021417

Verify this system on EPA ECHO →

Health-based violations, last 10 years
41
Resolved
4
Unresolved
1
Archived by EPA
36
Any acute record
Yes
Monitoring issues, last 10 years
45

Key facts

  • Copan PWA draws water from 1 surface water intake.
  • Highest measured level in the last 10 years: Haloacetic Acids (HAA5), 0.141 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (2.4 times the limit), 2025.
  • Most recent formal enforcement: compliance order (no penalty) by EPA, March 2026.
  • Record on file since 1993, with 21 health-based violations before October 19, 2016.

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Health-based violations

Since October 2016

Violation data reflects EPA records through March 2026. For the most current status, visit the EPA ECHO database.

Contaminant Rule family Start date Status Acute
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.09 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.1 times the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.11 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.4 times the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.141 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (2.4 times the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.124 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (2.1 times the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 May 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
Yes
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 May 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
Yes
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 May 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.099 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.2 times the limit)
220 Apr 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.118 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (2 times the limit)
220 Apr 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.105 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (1.8 times the limit)
220 Apr 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Apr 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
Yes
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Apr 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
Yes
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Apr 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Apr 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Mar 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
Yes
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Mar 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
Yes
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Mar 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.1 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.3 times the limit)
220 Jan 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.113 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (1.9 times the limit)
220 Jan 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.105 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (1.8 times the limit)
220 Jan 1, 2025 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
LEAD AND COPPER RULE REVISIONS
Treatment technique failure
350 Oct 17, 2024 Active
Enforcement action in place
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.098 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.2 times the limit)
220 Oct 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.084 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.1 times the limit)
220 Oct 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.075 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (1.3 times the limit)
220 Oct 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.078 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (1.3 times the limit)
220 Oct 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.086 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.1 times the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.1 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.3 times the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.061 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (at or just above the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.061 mg/L, federal limit 0.06 mg/L (at or just above the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.11 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.4 times the limit)
220 Apr 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.099 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.2 times the limit)
220 Apr 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.107 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.3 times the limit)
220 Jan 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.099 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.2 times the limit)
220 Jan 1, 2024 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.101 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.3 times the limit)
220 Oct 1, 2023 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.088 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.1 times the limit)
220 Oct 1, 2023 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.081 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (at or just above the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2023 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.094 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.2 times the limit)
220 Jul 1, 2023 Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
No
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Jun 1, 2023 Resolved Yes
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Jun 1, 2023 Resolved Yes
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Jun 1, 2021 Resolved No
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
120 Jul 1, 2019 Resolved Yes

Monitoring and reporting issues

Since October 2016

Missed tests or reports, not contaminants found above a limit.

Issue Start date Status
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Monitoring and reporting
Jun 30, 2025 Resolved
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Monitoring and reporting
Jun 30, 2025 Resolved
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Monitoring and reporting
Apr 1, 2025 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Monitoring and reporting
Apr 1, 2025 Resolved
Public Notice
OTHER
Mar 29, 2025 Active
Enforcement action in place
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Feb 1, 2025 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Jan 1, 2025 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Monitoring and reporting
Dec 30, 2024 Resolved
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Monitoring and reporting
Dec 30, 2024 Resolved
Public Notice
OTHER
Dec 21, 2024 Active
Enforcement action in place
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Dec 1, 2024 Resolved
Revised Total Coliform Rule
Monitoring violation
Nov 1, 2024 Resolved
CARBON, TOTAL
Monitoring and reporting
Nov 1, 2024 Resolved
CARBON, TOTAL
Monitoring and reporting
Nov 1, 2024 Resolved
Chlorine
Monitoring and reporting
Nov 1, 2024 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Nov 1, 2024 Resolved
LEAD AND COPPER RULE REVISIONS
RPT
Oct 17, 2024 Active
Enforcement action in place
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Oct 1, 2024 Resolved
Lead and Copper Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Oct 1, 2024 Resolved
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Monitoring and reporting
Sep 29, 2024 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Monitoring and reporting
Sep 29, 2024 Resolved
Public Notice
OTHER
Sep 5, 2024 Active
Enforcement action in place
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Sep 1, 2024 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Aug 1, 2024 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Jul 1, 2024 Resolved
Consumer Confidence Rule
OTHER
Jul 1, 2024 Active
Enforcement action in place
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Monitoring and reporting
Jun 30, 2024 Resolved
Public Notice
OTHER
Jun 3, 2024 Active
Enforcement action in place
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Jun 1, 2024 Resolved
Revised Total Coliform Rule
Monitoring violation
May 1, 2024 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
May 1, 2024 Resolved
CARBON, TOTAL
Monitoring and reporting
Apr 1, 2024 Resolved
CARBON, TOTAL
Monitoring and reporting
Apr 1, 2024 Resolved
Chlorine
Monitoring and reporting
Apr 1, 2024 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Apr 1, 2024 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Monitoring and reporting
Mar 31, 2024 Resolved
Public Notice
OTHER
Mar 10, 2024 Active
Enforcement action in place
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Mar 1, 2024 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Monitoring and reporting
Dec 30, 2023 Resolved
Public Notice
OTHER
Nov 18, 2023 Active
Enforcement action in place
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Monitoring and reporting
Sep 29, 2023 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Feb 1, 2022 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
May 1, 2020 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Nov 1, 2018 Resolved
Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Monitoring and reporting
Nov 1, 2017 Resolved

Full record since 1993

EPA's records for Copan PWA go back to 1993. Before October 19, 2016 they list 21 health-based violations (11 resolved, 10 archived by EPA without a recorded fix) and 23 monitoring or reporting violations.

Violations that began in Health-based Monitoring and reporting
1990s 13 7
2000s 8 14
2010 to October 18, 2016 0 2
October 19, 2016 to 2019 1 2
2020s 40 43

Most recent health-based violation before October 19, 2016: Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), began July 2008, Resolved.

Show all 21 health-based violations before October 19, 2016
Contaminant Start date Status
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.081 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (at or just above the limit)
Jul 1, 2008 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.09 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.1 times the limit)
Apr 1, 2008 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.089 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.1 times the limit)
Jan 1, 2008 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.086 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.1 times the limit)
Oct 1, 2007 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.084 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.1 times the limit)
Jul 1, 2006 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.088 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (1.1 times the limit)
Apr 1, 2006 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 0.081 mg/L, federal limit 0.08 mg/L (at or just above the limit)
Jan 1, 2006 Resolved
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Oct 1, 2004 Resolved
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Feb 1, 1999 Archived
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Oct 1, 1998 Archived
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Aug 1, 1998 Archived
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Jun 1, 1998 Archived
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
May 1, 1998 Archived
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Apr 1, 1998 Archived
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Mar 1, 1998 Archived
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Jul 1, 1995 Resolved
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Apr 1, 1995 Resolved
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Mar 1, 1995 Resolved
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Oct 1, 1993 Archived
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Aug 1, 1993 Archived
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Treatment technique failure
Jul 1, 1993 Archived

Enforcement actions

Oklahoma regulators and EPA took 29 formal enforcement actions against Copan PWA and issued 2 boil water orders between 1995 and 2026, filed as 32 records in EPA's data. The most recent was a compliance order (no penalty) in March 2026.

Date By Action Violations covered
Mar 31, 2026 EPA Compliance order (no penalty) 2 violations (1 health-based): LEAD AND COPPER RULE REVISIONS
Jul 16, 2025 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 10 violations (10 health-based): Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, Surface Water Treatment Rule
May 2, 2025 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 34 violations: Public Notice, Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Haloacetic Acids (HAA5), Chlorine
Feb 25, 2025 Oklahoma Boil water order 1 violation
May 16, 2024 Oklahoma Boil water order 1 violation
May 13, 2024 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 29 violations (29 health-based): Haloacetic Acids (HAA5), Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Surface Water Treatment Rule
May 3, 2024 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 2 violations (2 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Feb 8, 2024 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 2 violations (2 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Nov 15, 2023 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 4 violations (4 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Oct 18, 2023 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 2 violations (2 health-based): Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Aug 25, 2021 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation (1 health-based): Surface Water Treatment Rule
Nov 5, 2019 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation (1 health-based): Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Oct 29, 2008 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 8 violations (8 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Sep 25, 2008 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 1 violation (1 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Aug 5, 2008 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 1 violation (1 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Mar 11, 2008 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 1 violation (1 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Dec 8, 2006 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 1 violation (1 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Oct 3, 2006 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 1 violation (1 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Aug 9, 2006 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 1 violation (1 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Jan 12, 2006 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 3 violations: Chlorine
Sep 7, 2005 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 2 violations: CARBON, TOTAL
Apr 15, 2005 Oklahoma Compliance order with a penalty 1 violation (1 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Apr 15, 1999 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation: Surface Water Treatment Rule
Dec 15, 1998 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation (1 health-based): Surface Water Treatment Rule
Sep 16, 1998 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation (1 health-based): Surface Water Treatment Rule
Aug 4, 1998 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation (1 health-based): Surface Water Treatment Rule
Jul 16, 1998 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation (1 health-based): Surface Water Treatment Rule
Jun 1, 1998 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation (1 health-based): Surface Water Treatment Rule
Apr 16, 1998 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation (1 health-based): Surface Water Treatment Rule
Jul 20, 1995 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation: Total Coliform
May 19, 1995 Oklahoma Compliance order (no penalty) 1 violation (1 health-based): Surface Water Treatment Rule

What the violations mean

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)

16 incidents

Disinfection byproduct levels exceeded the federal limit

Long-term TTHM exposure may increase bladder cancer risk

Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)

10 incidents

Haloacetic acid byproducts exceeded the federal limit

Long-term exposure to HAAs may increase cancer risk

Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule

9 incidents

The system did not meet a filtration or treatment requirement for surface water

Inadequate treatment of surface water can let pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia through

Surface Water Treatment Rule

5 incidents

The system did not complete a treatment step or action that the Surface Water Treatment Rule requires (a treatment technique violation).

The utility had to notify customers about each of these violations.

LEAD AND COPPER RULE REVISIONS

1 incident

The system did not complete a treatment step or action that the LEAD AND COPPER RULE REVISIONS requires (a treatment technique violation).

The utility had to notify customers about this violation.

Where the water comes from

Copan PWA draws water from 1 surface water intake. 2 other community water systems buy water from Copan PWA.

Community systems that buy water from it

Annual water quality report

Copan PWA must give its customers an annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report) by July 1, with the levels its tests found in the previous year.

Where the state allows it, systems serving fewer than 10,000 people may publish the report in a local newspaper or news site instead of mailing it, and must provide a copy on request.

Find a posted report with EPA's Consumer Confidence Report search

Testing your own water

To test the water at your tap, or a private well this record does not cover, use a laboratory certified for drinking water by Oklahoma.