Public water system record
East End WA
On record as serving Otero County, CO · Serves 70 people
Federal records show 40 health-based violations and 87 monitoring/reporting issues for East End WA in the last ten years, including an unresolved Revised Total Coliform Rule violation.
System profile
- Health-based violations, last 10 years
- 40
- Resolved
- 11
- Unresolved
- 1
- Archived by EPA
- 28
- Any acute record
- No
- Monitoring issues, last 10 years
- 87
Key facts
- East End WA draws water from 2 wells.
- Highest measured level in the last 10 years: Combined Radium (-226 and -228), 10.6 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (2.1 times the limit), 2021.
- Most recent formal enforcement: compliance order with a penalty by Colorado, March 2023.
- Record on file since 1993, with 9 health-based violations before October 20, 2016.
- Lead pipe inventory: 0 lead and 29 unknown out of 35 service lines.
Check whether East End WA serves your address
Health-based violations
Since October 2016Violation data reflects EPA records through March 2026. For the most current status, visit the EPA ECHO database.
| Contaminant | Rule family | Start date | Status | Acute |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Oct 1, 2025 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Jul 1, 2025 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Apr 1, 2025 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Jan 1, 2025 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Oct 1, 2024 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Jul 1, 2024 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 6.95 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Apr 1, 2024 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7.4 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.5 times the limit)
|
340 | Jan 1, 2024 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7.38 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.5 times the limit)
|
340 | Oct 1, 2023 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7.33 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.5 times the limit)
|
340 | Jul 1, 2023 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 8.5 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.7 times the limit)
|
340 | Apr 1, 2023 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
Treatment technique failure
|
110 | Jan 14, 2023 | Resolved | No |
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
Treatment technique failure
|
110 | Jan 14, 2023 | Resolved | No |
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
Treatment technique failure
|
110 | Jan 14, 2023 | Resolved | No |
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
Treatment technique failure
|
110 | Jan 14, 2023 | Resolved | No |
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
Treatment technique failure
|
110 | Jan 14, 2023 | Resolved | No |
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
Treatment technique failure
|
110 | Jan 14, 2023 |
Active
Enforcement action in place
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Jan 1, 2023 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Oct 1, 2022 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Jul 1, 2022 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Stage 1 Disinfection Byproducts Rule
Treatment technique failure
|
210 | Jul 1, 2022 | Resolved | No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 8.6 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.7 times the limit)
|
340 | Apr 1, 2022 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
Treatment technique failure
|
110 | Jan 14, 2022 | Resolved | No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 9 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.8 times the limit)
|
340 | Jan 1, 2022 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 10.6 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (2.1 times the limit)
|
340 | Oct 1, 2021 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 9.45 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.9 times the limit)
|
340 | Jul 1, 2021 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 9 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.8 times the limit)
|
340 | Apr 1, 2021 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 8 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.6 times the limit)
|
340 | Jan 1, 2021 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7.85 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.6 times the limit)
|
340 | Oct 1, 2020 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7.67 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.5 times the limit)
|
340 | Jul 1, 2020 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7.53 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.5 times the limit)
|
340 | Apr 1, 2020 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7.53 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.5 times the limit)
|
340 | Jan 1, 2020 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7.73 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.5 times the limit)
|
340 | Oct 1, 2019 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 6.85 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Apr 1, 2019 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 6.9 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.4 times the limit)
|
340 | Jan 1, 2019 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 6.57 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.3 times the limit)
|
340 | Oct 1, 2018 | Resolved | No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 7.57 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.5 times the limit)
|
340 | Jul 1, 2018 | Resolved | No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 8.45 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.7 times the limit)
|
340 | Apr 1, 2018 | Resolved | No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 8.8 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.8 times the limit)
|
340 | Jan 1, 2018 | Resolved | No |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 8.8 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.8 times the limit)
|
340 | Jan 1, 2017 |
Archived
Violation period ended. EPA no longer counts it toward current compliance, but no fix was formally recorded.
|
No |
Monitoring and reporting issues
Since October 2016Missed tests or reports, not contaminants found above a limit.
| Issue | Start date | Status |
|---|---|---|
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
RPT
|
Nov 1, 2025 | Resolved |
|
Chlorine
Monitoring and reporting
|
Oct 1, 2025 | Resolved |
|
E. coli
Monitoring and reporting
|
Sep 29, 2024 | Resolved |
|
Chlorine dioxide
Monitoring and reporting
|
Sep 1, 2024 | Resolved |
|
E. coli
Monitoring and reporting
|
Dec 7, 2023 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Oct 1, 2023 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Apr 20, 2023 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Feb 21, 2023 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Feb 12, 2023 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Jan 1, 2023 | Resolved |
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
OTHER
|
Dec 14, 2022 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Nov 22, 2022 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Nov 12, 2022 | Resolved |
|
E. coli
Monitoring and reporting
|
Oct 13, 2022 | Resolved |
|
Chlorine
Monitoring and reporting
|
Oct 1, 2022 | Resolved |
|
E. coli
Monitoring and reporting
|
Sep 15, 2022 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Aug 22, 2022 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Aug 12, 2022 | Resolved |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Monitoring and reporting
|
Apr 1, 2022 | Resolved |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Monitoring and reporting
|
Oct 1, 2021 | Resolved |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jul 1, 2021 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Jul 1, 2021 | Resolved |
|
E. coli
Monitoring and reporting
|
Apr 8, 2021 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Apr 1, 2021 | Resolved |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2021 | Resolved |
|
Revised Total Coliform Rule
OTHER
|
Apr 10, 2020 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Jan 1, 2020 | Resolved |
|
Lead and Copper Rule
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2020 | Resolved |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jul 1, 2019 | Resolved |
|
Public Notice
OTHER
|
Mar 3, 2018 | Resolved |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2018 | Resolved |
|
Lead and Copper Rule
Monitoring and reporting
|
Oct 1, 2017 | Resolved |
|
E. coli
Monitoring and reporting
|
Oct 1, 2017 | Resolved |
|
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jul 1, 2017 | Resolved |
|
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jul 1, 2017 | Resolved |
|
Chlordane
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Total Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Pentachlorophenol
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Benzo(a)pyrene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
2,4,5-TP
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
2,4-D
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Heptachlor epoxide
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Heptachlor
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
LASSO
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Atrazine
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Aldicarb
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Carbofuran
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Aldicarb sulfone
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Aldicarb sulfoxide
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Dinoseb
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Picloram
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Simazine
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
OXAMYL
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Endothall
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Diquat
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Dalapon
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Toxaphene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Methoxychlor
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
BHC-GAMMA
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Endrin
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Styrene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Ethylbenzene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Toluene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Benzene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
CHLOROBENZENE
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Tetrachloroethylene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Trichloroethylene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
1,2-Dichloropropane
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Carbon tetrachloride
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
1,2-Dichloroethane
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Vinyl chloride
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
p-Dichlorobenzene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
o-Dichlorobenzene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
DICHLOROMETHANE
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
Xylenes, Total
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
|
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Monitoring and reporting
|
Jan 1, 2014 | Resolved |
Full record since 1993
EPA's records for East End WA go back to 1993. Before October 20, 2016 they list 9 health-based violations (4 resolved, 5 archived by EPA without a recorded fix) and 199 monitoring or reporting violations.
| Violations that began in | Health-based | Monitoring and reporting |
|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 2 | 12 |
| 2000s | 5 | 79 |
| 2010 to October 19, 2016 | 2 | 108 |
| October 20, 2016 to 2019 | 8 | 7 |
| 2020s | 32 | 28 |
Most recent health-based violation before October 20, 2016: Combined Radium (-226 and -228), began January 2013, Archived.
Show all 9 health-based violations before October 20, 2016
| Contaminant | Start date | Status |
|---|---|---|
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 19.9 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (4 times the limit)
|
Jan 1, 2013 | Archived |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 8 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.6 times the limit)
|
Jan 1, 2011 | Archived |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 5.1 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (at or just above the limit)
|
Jan 1, 2009 | Archived |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 6 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.2 times the limit)
|
Jan 1, 2008 | Archived |
|
Total Coliform
Contaminant limit exceeded
|
Jul 1, 2006 | Resolved |
|
Total Coliform
Contaminant limit exceeded
|
Jun 1, 2006 | Resolved |
|
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
Contaminant limit exceeded
Measured 6 pCi/L, federal limit 5 pCi/L (1.2 times the limit)
|
Oct 1, 2004 | Archived |
|
Total Coliform
Contaminant limit exceeded
|
May 1, 1997 | Resolved |
|
Total Coliform (acute)
Contaminant limit exceeded
|
May 1, 1997 | Resolved |
Enforcement actions
Colorado regulators and EPA took 8 formal enforcement actions against East End WA between 1995 and 2023. The most recent was a compliance order with a penalty in March 2023.
| Date | By | Action | Violations covered |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 20, 2023 | Colorado | Compliance order with a penalty | 10 violations (8 health-based): Public Notice, Revised Total Coliform Rule, Stage 1 Disinfection Byproducts Rule |
| May 31, 2022 | Colorado | Compliance order (no penalty) | 37 violations (37 health-based): Combined Radium (-226 and -228) |
| Jan 2, 2018 | Colorado | Compliance order (no penalty) | 18 violations (17 health-based): Combined Radium (-226 and -228) |
| Apr 1, 2009 | Colorado | Compliance order (no penalty) | 4 violations (4 health-based): Combined Radium (-226 and -228) |
| Aug 31, 2007 | Colorado | Compliance order with a penalty | 3 violations: Haloacetic Acids (HAA5), Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Consumer Confidence Rule |
| Nov 30, 2006 | Colorado | Compliance order (no penalty) | 6 violations (2 health-based): Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs), Chlorine, Combined Radium (-226 and -228), Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) |
| Nov 7, 2005 | Colorado | Compliance order (no penalty) | 9 violations (3 health-based): Combined Radium (-226 and -228) |
| Mar 2, 1995 | EPA | Compliance order (no penalty) | 1 violation: Nitrate |
What the violations mean
Combined Radium (-226 and -228)
32 incidentsTest results for Combined Radium (-226 and -228) were above the federal limit (a maximum contaminant level violation).
The utility had to notify customers about each of these violations.
Revised Total Coliform Rule
7 incidentsThe system did not meet a requirement of the Revised Total Coliform Rule
Coliform and E. coli rules protect against bacteria in the distribution system
Stage 1 Disinfection Byproducts Rule
1 incidentThe system did not meet a treatment requirement of the Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule
Byproducts form when disinfectants react with natural material in water. Long-term exposure above federal limits may increase cancer risk
Where the water comes from
East End WA draws water from 2 wells.
Annual water quality report
East End WA must give its customers an annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report) by July 1, with the levels its tests found in the previous year.
Systems serving 500 or fewer people may meet the rule by telling customers the report is available on request, so you may need to ask East End WA for a copy.
Find a posted report with EPA's Consumer Confidence Report search
Testing your own water
To test the water at your tap, or a private well this record does not cover, use a laboratory certified for drinking water by Colorado.
Certified drinking water labs by state EPA guidance for private wells